See image — Hydrocarbons Chemistry Question

💡 Solution & Explanation

Concept: Named reactions involving sodium metal and alkyl/aryl halides in dry ether. Step 1: Identify the reactants and products. The reaction shows chlorobenzene (an aryl halide) reacting with sodium metal in dry ether to produce biphenyl (two phenyl groups joined together). Step 2: Recall the named reactions: - Wurtz reaction: Two alkyl halides + Na/dry ether → alkane (R-R). Involves only alkyl halides. - Wurtz-Fittig reaction: One alkyl halide + one aryl halide + Na/dry ether → alkylbenzene. Involves a mix of alkyl and aryl halides. - Fittig reaction: Two aryl halides + Na/dry ether → biaryl (Ar-Ar). Involves only aryl halides. - Kolbe electrolysis: Electrolysis of sodium/potassium salt of carboxylic acid to give alkane. Step 3: In the given reaction, chlorobenzene is an aryl halide, and two molecules of chlorobenzene react with Na in dry ether to give biphenyl (an Ar-Ar coupled product). This matches the definition of the Fittig reaction. Step 4: Eliminate incorrect options: - (a) Wurtz reaction is ruled out because it involves only alkyl halides, not aryl halides. - (b) Wurtz-Fittig reaction is ruled out because it requires both an alkyl halide and an aryl halide; here only an aryl halide is used. - (d) Kolbe electrolysis involves carboxylate salts and electrolysis, not sodium metal with aryl halides in dry ether. Therefore, the correct answer is C.