Which of the following processes are expected to be spontaneous at low temperature and non-spontaneo — Thermodynamics and Thermochemistry Chemistry Question

💡 Solution & Explanation

Spontaneity strictly at low temperatures implies the process is exothermic ($\Delta H < 0$) but suffers a decrease in entropy ($\Delta S < 0$). Formation reactions of water from gases, and the freezing of liquid water, are both exothermic processes that inherently restrict microstate disorder.