See image — GOC and Organic Chemistry Basics Chemistry Question

💡 Solution & Explanation

# Basicity Order Analysis **Basicity depends on electron density on nitrogen and ease of lone pair donation.** ## Step 1: Identify the nitrogen environment in each compound - **(a)** $CH_3-CH_2-NH_2$ — nitrogen sp³ hybridized, saturated alkyl group attached - **(b)** $CH_2=CH-NH_2$ — nitrogen sp² hybridized, attached to sp² carbon (vinyl group) - **(c)** $CH \equiv C-NH_2$ — nitrogen sp hybridized, attached to sp carbon (acetylenic group) ## Step 2: Apply hybridization effect on basicity As the hybridization of the attached carbon changes from sp³ → sp² → sp, **electronegativity increases** and **electron density on nitrogen decreases**. - sp³ carbon: least electronegative → donates electron density to N - sp² carbon: moderately electronegative → withdraws electron density from N - sp carbon: most electronegative → maximum withdrawal of electron density from N ## Step 3: Determine basicity order Nitrogen in **(a)** has maximum electron density → **strongest base** Nitrogen in **(b)** has reduced electron density (sp² effect) → **moderate base** Nitrogen in **(c)** has minimum electron density (sp effect) → **weakest base** $$\text{Basicity: (a) > (b) > (c)}$$ **Answer: (A)**