See image — GOC and Organic Chemistry Basics Chemistry Question

💡 Solution & Explanation

# Analysis of Electronic Effects in Aromatic Compounds **Understanding the Three Effects:** 1. **Inductive Effect (−I):** Electron withdrawal through σ-bonds (permanent polarization) 2. **Mesomeric Effect (−M or +M):** Electron donation/withdrawal through π-bonds via resonance 3. **Hyperconjugation (+H):** Donation of electron density from C−H σ-bonds into adjacent π-system **Evaluating Each Option:** **(A) Chlorobenzene:** - Cl: −I effect (withdraws electrons), +M effect (donates via resonance) - NOT all effects are the same direction ✗ **(B) o,p-Dimethylbenzene:** - $CH_3$ groups: +I effect (alkyl pushes electrons), +H effect (hyperconjugation) - NO −I or −M effect present ✗ **(C) Methyl benzoate (cyclohexene−COOCH₃ with CH₃):** - $COOCH_3$: −I effect (electron-withdrawing carbonyl), −M effect (resonance withdrawal from ring) - $CH_3$ (on ring): +H effect (hyperconjugation) - **All three effects operate:** - Inductive: −I (ester group) - Mesomeric: −M (ester withdraws via resonance) - Hyperconjugation: +H (methyl group) ✓ **(D) Benzene:** - No substituents, so no effects operate ✗ **Answer: (C)** — The ester group provides both −I and −M effects, while the methyl substituent provides +H effect, making all three electronic effects simultaneously operative.