See image — GOC and Organic Chemistry Basics Chemistry Question

💡 Solution & Explanation

# Heterolytic Fission of C–Cl Bond **Step 1: Define heterolytic fission** Heterolytic fission is the unequal cleavage of a bond where both electrons go to one atom, creating charged species (ions). **Step 2: Analyze the C–Cl bond cleavage** $$R-\overset{\delta^+}{C}-\overset{\delta^-}{Cl} \rightarrow R-C^+ + Cl^-$$ The electron pair in the C–Cl bond moves entirely toward the more electronegative chlorine atom. **Step 3: Identify the products** - **Carbon atom**: loses both electrons → forms a **carbocation** ($C^+$), which is a cation - **Chlorine atom**: gains both electrons → forms a **chloride ion** ($Cl^-$), which is an anion **Step 4: Compare with other options** - (1) Free radicals: produced by **homolytic** fission (equal splitting) - (2) Carbocations: only one cation forms, not two - (3) Carbanions: would require C to gain electrons (unlikely, as Cl is more electronegative) - (4) One cation and one anion: ✓ This matches our analysis **Answer: (4) one cation and one anion** — specifically a carbocation and chloride ion.