See image — GOC and Organic Chemistry Basics Chemistry Question

💡 Solution & Explanation

## Analysis of Option (c) **The claim:** $p$-nitrophenol $>$ $p$-chlorophenol (acidic strength) **Step 1: Identify the electron-withdrawing effect** Both $NO_2$ and $Cl$ are electron-withdrawing groups attached to the benzene ring at the para position. They stabilize the phenoxide anion ($PhO^-$) by withdrawing electron density through resonance/inductive effects. **Step 2: Compare withdrawing power** $NO_2$ is a **much stronger electron-withdrawing group** than $Cl$ due to: - Strong resonance withdrawal (multiple canonical forms) - High electronegativity - $Cl$ withdraws primarily by inductive effect only **Step 3: Effect on acidity** Greater electron withdrawal → Better stabilization of $PhO^-$ → **Lower $pK_a$** (stronger acid) Therefore: **$p$-nitrophenol is MORE acidic than $p$-chlorophenol** $$pK_a \text{(p-nitrophenol)} < pK_a \text{(p-chlorophenol)}$$ **Step 4: Evaluate the statement** Option (c) claims: $p$-nitrophenol $>$ $p$-chlorophenol$ This reverses the correct order and is **INCORRECT**. **Answer: Option (c) is the incorrect statement.**