Consider the formation of the oxide ion from a neutral gaseous oxygen atom: () and (). Which of the following accurately describes the thermodynamics of these steps?

Question

Consider the formation of the oxide ion from a neutral gaseous oxygen atom: $O(g) + e^- \rightarrow O^-(g)$ ($\Delta H_1$) and $O^-(g) + e^- \rightarrow O^{2-}(g)$ ($\Delta H_2$). Which of the following accurately describes the thermodynamics of these steps?

Prashant Kotian · Accepted Answer

Correct answer: C. The first electron addition is exothermic (). Adding a second electron to a negatively charged ion requires overcoming strong electrostatic repulsion, making it highly endothermic ().

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