Halogens () exhibit a unique interplay of electronic effects when attached to an aromatic ring. Whic — GOC and Organic Chemistry Basics Chemistry Question

💡 Solution & Explanation

Halogens are the primary exception to the "+M > -I" rule. Because they are highly electronegative, their electron-withdrawing $-I$ effect dominates overall reactivity (deactivating the ring). However, their lone pairs still dictate that incoming electrophiles attack the ortho/para positions via $+M$ resonance.