The universally dominant and most stable oxidation state for all lanthanoids is . However, Cerium () — d and f Block Elements Chemistry Question

💡 Solution & Explanation

$Ce^{4+}$ achieves stability with an empty $4f^0$ core, but the thermodynamic hydration stability strongly favors $+3$. Therefore, $Ce^{4+}$ has an immense drive to capture an electron to become $Ce^{3+}$, acting as an aggressive oxidant.