Consider the vertical group trends in the d-block. The first ionization enthalpies () of the 5d transition elements are generally higher than those of the 3d and 4d elements. What is the primary cause

Question

Consider the vertical group trends in the d-block. The first ionization enthalpies ($IE_1$) of the 5d transition elements are generally higher than those of the 3d and 4d elements. What is the primary cause?

Prashant Kotian · Accepted Answer

Correct answer: C. Typically, drops down a group. However, in the d-block, dominates because the highly diffuse electrons are terrible shields. The resulting spike in Effective Nuclear Charge holds the outer electrons very tightly.

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