Due to the exceptional unreactivity of aryl halides towards nucleophiles, the industrial synthesis o — Amines Chemistry Question

💡 Solution & Explanation

The partial double-bond character of the $C-Cl$ bond in chlorobenzene prevents standard $S_N2$ amination. The industrial preparation forces nucleophilic aromatic substitution by utilizing aqueous ammonia in the presence of a cuprous oxide ($Cu_2O$) catalyst, demanding severe conditions of $200^\circ C$ and very high pressure.