The first and second ionization energies of Potassium () are and respectively, while for Calcium () they are and . Why is of massively higher than of ?

Question

The first and second ionization energies of Potassium ($K$) are $419 	ext{ kJ/mol}$ and $3052 	ext{ kJ/mol}$ respectively, while for Calcium ($Ca$) they are $590 	ext{ kJ/mol}$ and $1145 	ext{ kJ/mol}$. Why is $IE_2$ of $K$ massively higher than $IE_2$ of $Ca$?

Prashant Kotian · Accepted Answer

Correct answer: B. After losing one electron, achieves the stable Argon noble gas configuration (). Removing a second electron requires breaking this highly stable core, costing immense energy. only loses its second valence electron, which requires much less energy.

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