Aryl halides are generally unreactive towards nucleophilic substitution. However, they can be conver — Aromatic Hydrocarbons Chemistry Question

💡 Solution & Explanation

Dow's process involves treating chlorobenzene with $NaOH$ at $300^\circ C$ and high pressure to generate phenoxide, which is then acidified to phenol. In the Raschig process, chlorobenzene is hydrolyzed by superheated steam over a catalyst at $425^\circ C$ to yield phenol. Both reactions overcome the strong $C-Cl$ bond in aryl halides. The Wurtz-Fittig reaction forms alkylbenzenes.