Consider the base-catalyzed substitution of chlorobenzene derivatives. Which fundamental factor is specifically responsible for the drastically increased reaction rate when an group is present at the

Question

Consider the base-catalyzed substitution of chlorobenzene derivatives. Which fundamental factor is specifically responsible for the drastically increased reaction rate when an $-NO_2$ group is present at the para position?

Prashant Kotian · Accepted Answer

Correct answer: B. Nucleophilic attack on the para-nitrochlorobenzene forms an intermediate carbanion. The group is able to delocalize the negative charge out of the ring through extended resonance, significantly lowering the activation energy of this rate-determining step.

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