Which of the following statements rigorously define the properties and limitations of an acidic buff — Ionic Equilibrium Chemistry Question

💡 Solution & Explanation

An acidic buffer effectively resists pH changes within the range $pK_a \pm 1$. Maximum buffer capacity is mathematically derived to be when $[Salt]/[Acid] = 1$. The mechanism of resisting acid addition involves the conjugate base ($A^-$) capturing $H^+$ to form $HA$, which causes only a minor pH drop. Dilution with pure water does not drastically alter the pH because the $[Salt]/[Acid]$ ratio remains constant.