Which of the following pairs correctly matches the specific electrophilic aromatic substitution reac — Aromatic Hydrocarbons Chemistry Question

💡 Solution & Explanation

Nitration utilizes the nitronium ion ($NO_2^+$). Sulfonation often utilizes neutral $SO_3$ (which is highly electrophilic due to polarized $S=O$ bonds) or $SO_3H^+$. FC acylation uses the resonance-stabilized acylium ion. Halogenation requires a positively polarized halogen complex or halonium ion ($X^+$), not a negatively charged halide anion ($X^-$).