Which of the following strict physical and thermodynamic conditions universally describe two aqueous — Solutions and Colligative Properties Chemistry Question

💡 Solution & Explanation

Isotonic solutions are defined as solutions having identical osmotic pressures ($\pi_1 = \pi_2$) at a given temperature (A). Since $\pi = iCRT$, at constant T, their effective particle concentrations ($i \times C$) must be equal (B). Because their osmotic pressures are balanced, a semipermeable membrane between them yields no net solvent flow (D). The actual chemical identity of the solutes can be completely different (C is false).