At what exact temperature (in degrees Celsius) does ordinary liquid water attain its maximum density — Hydrogen Chemistry Question
Question
At what exact temperature (in degrees Celsius) does ordinary liquid water attain its maximum density before the formation of the open-cage hydrogen-bonded structure causes it to expand as it freezes?
Answer: 4
💡 Solution & Explanation
Water exhibits anomalous expansion. Its density is maximum at $4^\circ C$ (or $277\text{ K}$). Below this temperature, it begins to form an open, cage-like structure via hydrogen bonding, which increases its volume and lowers its density until it solidifies at $0^\circ C$.
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