Consider the molecule p-nitroaniline. If you assign a mathematical value of to any functional group showing a primary effect and to any group showing a primary effect, what is the net algebraic sum of

Question

Consider the molecule p-nitroaniline. If you assign a mathematical value of $+1$ to any functional group showing a primary $+M$ effect and $-1$ to any group showing a primary $-M$ effect, what is the net algebraic sum of the mesomeric effects exerted by the two functional groups attached to the aromatic ring?

Prashant Kotian · Accepted Answer

Correct answer: 0. The amino group () possesses a lone pair on nitrogen and donates electrons to the ring, exerting a effect (value = ). The nitro group () possesses electronegative oxygen atoms attached via multiple bonds, withdrawing electrons from the ring, exerting a effect (value = ). The sum is .

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