Evaluate the following list of common substituent groups: , , , , , , , . How many of these explicit — GOC and Organic Chemistry Basics Chemistry Question
Question
Evaluate the following list of common substituent groups: $-NO_2$, $-CN$, $-F$, $-COOH$, $-Cl$, $-CH_3$, $-C_2H_5$, $-O^-$. How many of these explicitly listed groups exert a negative inductive ($-I$) effect and generally increase the acidic strength of carboxylic acids?
Answer: 5
💡 Solution & Explanation
The groups that exert an electron-withdrawing ($-I$) effect are $-NO_2$, $-CN$, $-F$, $-COOH$, and $-Cl$ (Total 5). The alkyl groups ($-CH_3$, $-C_2H_5$) and the anionic oxygen ($-O^-$) exert a $+I$ effect.
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