See image — IUPAC and Nomenclature Chemistry Question

💡 Solution & Explanation

Step 1 - Identify the parent chain/ring: The structure shows a benzene ring, so the parent name is 'benzoic acid' because one substituent is a carboxylic acid (-COOH) group attached directly to the ring. Step 2 - Identify the substituents: There are two nitro groups (-NO2) shown on the benzene ring. In the image, one nitro group is on the carbon adjacent to the carboxylic acid carbon (ortho position, position 2), and the other nitro group is on the carbon para to the carboxylic acid carbon (position 4). Step 3 - Assign locants: Using the carboxylic acid carbon as position 1 (as is standard for benzoic acid derivatives), the nitro groups are located at positions 2 and 4. Step 4 - Construct the IUPAC name: The compound is named as a benzoic acid with two nitro substituents at positions 2 and 4, giving '2,4-dinitrobenzoic acid'. Step 5 - Verify: The prefix 'di' indicates two nitro groups; '2,4' indicates their positions relative to the carboxylic acid group at C1. This is consistent with the drawn structure. Therefore, the correct answer is 2,4-dinitrobenzoic acid.