Any process will be spontaneous at constant pressure and temperature when — Thermodynamics and Thermochemistry Chemistry Question

💡 Solution & Explanation

By the second law, a process is spontaneous if Δ S_univ = Δ S_sys + Δ S_surr > 0 (B correct). At constant T and P, the criterion for spontaneity is Δ G_sys < 0 (C correct). Δ S_sys alone need not be positive for a spontaneous process (D is nonsensical as G_univ is not a useful criterion).