See image — Aldehydes Ketones and Carboxylic Acids Chemistry Question

💡 Solution & Explanation

Concept: Reaction of an acid chloride with a secondary amine (nucleophilic acyl substitution). Step 1: Identify the reagents. Benzoyl chloride (Ph-C(=O)-Cl) is an acid chloride. Morpholine is a cyclic secondary amine containing both an NH group and an oxygen atom in a six-membered ring. Step 2: Mechanism. The nitrogen of morpholine acts as a nucleophile and attacks the electrophilic carbonyl carbon of benzoyl chloride. This is a nucleophilic acyl substitution reaction. The nitrogen displaces the chloride leaving group. Step 3: Product formation. Since morpholine is a secondary amine (NH is flanked by two carbon atoms within the ring), the reaction with benzoyl chloride produces an amide: Ph-C(=O)-N(morpholine), i.e., 4-benzoylmorpholine (N-benzoylmorpholine). No deprotonation issue arises that would prevent amide formation since HCl is released and the second equivalent of morpholine (or base) can neutralize it. Step 4: Evaluate options. - Option (a) shows an O-acylation product (ester with morpholinium), which is incorrect because N is a better nucleophile than O in morpholine. - Option (b) shows Ph-C(=O)-N connected to the morpholine ring correctly drawn with O in the ring - this is N-benzoylmorpholine, the correct amide product. - Option (c) shows a similar structure but the ring connectivity appears different (incorrect regiochemistry of morpholine drawing). - Option (d) shows benzamide (Ph-C(=O)-NH2), which would require reaction with ammonia, not morpholine. Step 5: The major product is the amide formed by N-acylation of morpholine, which corresponds to option (b). Therefore, the correct answer is B.