Transition metal and their compounds are used as catalysts in industry and in biological system. For — d and f Block Elements Chemistry Question
Question
Transition metal and their compounds are used as catalysts in industry and in biological system. For example, in the Contact Process, vanadium compounds in the +5 state (V2O5 or VO3^-) are used to oxidise SO2 to SO3 : SO2 + 1/2 O2 $\xrightarrow{\text{V}_2\text{O}_5}$ SO3 It is thought that the actual oxidation process takes place in two stages. In the first step, V5+ in the presence of oxide ions converts SO2 to SO3. At the same time, V5+ is reduced to V4+. 2V5+ + O2- + SO2 $\rightarrow$ 2V4+ + SO3 In the second step, V5+ is regenerated from V4+ by oxygen : 2V4+ + 1/2 O2 $\rightarrow$ 2V5+ + O2- The overall process is, of course, the sum of these two steps : SO2 + 1/2 O2 $\rightarrow$ SO3 [3]
💡 Solution & Explanation
Step 1: Rusting of iron is an electrochemical process occurring in the presence of water and oxygen. Step 2: Iron is oxidized to Fe^2+ and then to Fe^3+, which ultimately precipitates as a hydrated form of iron(III) oxide. Step 3: The chemical composition of rust is hydrated iron(III) oxide, represented as Fe2O3.xH2O, which corresponds to option (c).