Acidity of carboxylic acid is directly proportional to stability of carboxylate ion. Therefore, carboxylic acid which is attached to –I effect will withdraw the electron and increase the stability of carboxylate ion whereas +I effect will donate the electron and decrease the stability. a) 3 O CH C O b) O H C O c) 2 | || Cl O CH CH CH C O d) 2 2 2 O Cl CH CH CH C O The Cl group has –I effect and the –I effect decreases with distance from the functional group increases and hence from the structures of carboxylate ion we know that option c and d will be stable as it
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