Permanent hardness of water can be removed by using washing soda. Washing soda reacts with soluble calcium and magnesium chloride and sulphates in hard water to form insoluble carbonates. 2 2 3 3 MCl Na CO MCO 2NaCl → 4 2 3 3 2 4 MSO Na CO MCO Na SO → Where, (M = Mg, Ca)
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